Determine whether the data described below are qualitative or quantitative and explain why: . The data she collects are summarized in the pie chart Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\). Those numbers picked from the first department, picked from the second department, and so on represent the members who make up the stratified sample. It is also important to know what kind of plot is suitable for which data category; it helps in data analysis and visualization. The data are continuous because the data can take Ducks in a pond are discrete data because the number of ducks is a finite number. Zanas house is at A, 500 feet from the intersection, and Tan's house is at B, 750 feet from F. Which distance is longer, the distance from Zana's house to Tan's house or the distance from Theresa's house to Is house? You are going to use the random number generator to generate different types of samples from the data. c. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. In each form of random sampling, each member of a population initially has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. For column 1, Press 5:randInt( and enter 1,10). This is completely natural. Finite values have discrete data. If she needed to, Lisa could have generated more random numbers. Just know that you have prepared and worked hard for this. Divide into groups of two, three, or four. where n is the number of tips in the phylogeny ( ) , P is the continuous trait value of each species, and Q is the expected value of each species given the continuous trait model calculated following Equation (11) of Beaulieu et al. To find the average GPA of all students in a university, use all honor students at the university as the sample. A. The second sample is taken using a list of senior citizens who take P.E. Each student is chosen using simple random sampling. I want to study the topic of Statistics for my college-level exams? Quantitative data, on the other hand, is one that contains numerical values and uses a scope. Have some sleep, its important. Another example is learning how to use calculators. The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval. Record these numbers. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Systematic sampling is frequently chosen because it is a simple method. For this example, suppose Lisa chooses to generate random numbers from a calculator. The job of the statistician is to see through the variability and draw appropriate conclusions. Create a simple random sample of 15 quiz scores. interval. First, we use convenience sampling and survey ten students from a first term organic chemistry class. You have to be dedicated. The Data and Story Library, lib.stat.cmu.edu/DASL/Datafiles/USCrime.html (accessed May 1, 2013). ), Marital status (Single, Widowed, Married), When companies ask for feedback, experience, or satisfaction on a scale of 1 to 10, Letter grades in the exam (A, B, C, D, etc. Numeric variables represent characteristics that you can express as numbers rather than descriptive language. Record the three quiz scores in column one that correspond to these three numbers. State whether the data described below are discrete or Common problems to be aware of include. Q: State whether the data below are discrete or continuous, explain why. They may be related (correlated) because of their relationship through a different variable. Log on to our website and explore courses delivered by industry experts. Create a stratified sample by column. and the Michigan State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee prior to the start of data collection. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. To four decimal places, these numbers are equivalent (0.0999). If they are not, discuss the reasons. Which two towers are closest together. Besides simple random sampling, there are other forms of sampling that involve a chance process for getting the sample. It is understandable that it must be making you feel nervous right now but your emotions are valid! Below are tables comparing the number of part-time and full-time students at De Anza College and Foothill College enrolled for the spring 2010 quarter. These data are used for observation like customer satisfaction, happiness, etc., but we cant do any arithmetical tasks on them. Using a calculator, random numbers are generated and a student from a particular discipline is selected if he or she has a corresponding number. The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval. Your phone book contains 20,000 residence listings. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. Nominal and ordinal data can act as both discrete and continuous. It includes only those values which are separate and can only be counted in, , which means that the data can not be split into, Continuous data is the data that can be of any value. Working with data requires good data science skills and a deep understanding of different types of data and how to work with them. The class boundaries are 10 to less than 13, 13 to less than 16, 16 to less than 19, 19 to less than 22, and 22 to less than 25. Researchers often prefer to use quantitative data over qualitative data because it lends itself more easily to mathematical analysis. 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The Other/Unknown category is large compared to some of the other categories (Native American, 0.6%, Pacific Islander 1.0%). Question: CS State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. The data are the weights of backpacks with books in them. Ltd. All rights reserved. The chart in Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\) is organized by the size of each wedge, which makes it a more visually informative graph than the unsorted, alphabetical graph in Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\). Measurement of height and weight of a student, Daily temperature measurement of a place, Wind speed measured daily, etc. O C. 2. Asking all 20,000 listeners is an almost impossible task. If the survey is done well, the answer is yes. Your email address will not be published. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous and explain why The amounts of time that different brands' batteries last in a CD player. . The numbers of hotels in cities Choose the correct answer below. Statistics is a quite tough subject but for those who know how to use their mind, its the best one for them as it involves more practical knowledge and conceptual learning. Why or why not? Displaying percentages along with the numbers is often helpful, but it is particularly important when comparing sets of data that do not have the same totals, such as the total enrollments for both colleges in this example. One-third of a number when decreased by 2 equals one-fifth of the nimenbe Find the number. These data cant be broken into decimal or fraction values. B. Starting with that student, every 50th student is chosen until 75 students are included in the sample. c. Procrastination isnt even the last option if you are preparing for a statistics exam. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. O A. Also read: 22 Top Data Science Books Learn Data Science Like an Expert. Data may be classified as qualitative, quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. A study is done to determine the average tuition that San Jose State undergraduate students pay per semester. and it is subdivided into nominal and ordinal data. Then survey every U.S. congressman in the cluster. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why: . Q: Classify the Following as Discrete and Continuous Data. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. Statistical data about spreading of the epidemic are known in discrete periods of time, for example twenty-four hours. A pollster interviews all human resource personnel in five different high tech companies. 3. Factors not related to the sampling process cause nonsampling errors. Quick Check Introduction to Data Science. If Doreen and Jung took larger samples (i.e. LCM of 3 and 4, and How to Find Least Common Multiple, What is Simple Interest? Question: State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. A soccer coach selects six players from a group of boys aged eight to ten, seven players from a group of boys aged 11 to 12, and three players from a group of boys aged 13 to 14 to form a recreational soccer team. True random sampling is done with replacement. On the other hand, if we count large quantities of any discrete entity. A histogram is used to graphically represent continuous data. Which is the safest route for the ship? It only contains finite values, the subdivision of which is not possible. a. stratified; b. systematic; c. simple random; d. cluster; e. convenience. A statistics professor collects information about the classification of her students as freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors. This section will describe a few of the most common methods. The graph in Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\) is a Pareto chart. Math 227 - Statistics Flashcards | Quizlet There are many different potential problems that can affect the reliability of a sample. All students in those two years are in the sample. Show Less. When a car is randomly selected, it is found to have 3 wipers. Solved State whether the data described below are discrete - Chegg Note: randInt(0, 30, 3) will generate 3 random numbers. A student interviews classmates in his algebra class to determine how many pairs of jeans a student owns, on the average. O C. The data are continuous because the data can. Statistics and Probability questions and answers, state whether the data is continous or discrete The durations of Indicate whether quantitative data are continuous or discrete. The second sample is a group of senior citizens who are, more than likely, taking courses for health and interest. a. stratified; b. cluster; c. stratified; d. systematic; e. simple random; f.convenience. There are distinct or different values in discrete data. Great Learning's Blog covers the latest developments and innovations in technology that can be leveraged to build rewarding careers. Data is classified into 4 types. The road from A to E and the road from C and D are perpendicular and intersect at point F. Theresa's house is at C, 500 feet from the intersection. Record the number. A large ship is sailing between three small islands. A discrete variable, on the other hand, can only take on specific values. For example, if the population is 25 people, the sample is ten, and you are sampling with replacement for any particular sample, then the chance of picking the first person is ten out of 25, and the chance of picking a different second person is nine out of 25 (you replace the first person). To find out the most popular cereal among young people under the age of ten, stand outside a large supermarket for three hours and speak to every twentieth child under age ten who enters the supermarket. O A. Number the population 120,000 and then use a simple random sample to pick a number that represents the first name in the sample. B. Data that can take a decimal value and can vary across a range is called . There are no strict rules concerning which graphs to use. Sampling data should be done very carefully. The colors of the houses are white, yellow, white, red, and white. data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an Do you think that either of these samples is representative of (or is characteristic of) the entire 10,000 part-time student population? Discrete vs continuous data are two broad categories of numeric variables. The measure of Ris 5 greater than the measure of ZO. It is classified into two broad categories: qualitative data and quantitative data. Look at Figures \(\PageIndex{3}\) and \(\PageIndex{4}\) and determine which graph (pie or bar) you think displays the comparisons better. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. To do so, the ship must sail between two pairs of islands, avoiding sailing between a third p It only contains finite values, the subdivision of which is not possible. This table displays six sets of quiz scores (each quiz counts 10 points) for an elementary statistics class. It is easy in many cases, discrete data is preceded by the number of, which makes the differentiation of results easier. It includes only those values which are separate and can only be counted in whole numbers or integers, which means that the data can not be split into fractions or decimals. classes and taking every fifth senior citizen on the list, for a total of ten senior citizens. Step One: Master the Foundational Knowledge. Step 2: Discrete and continuous data. Determine whether the data are from discrete data or continuous data set. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why The speeds of the different people walking in a park Choose the correct answer below. 10. Qualitative or Categorical Data is data that cant be measured or counted in the form of numbers. They spend: $50; $40; $36; $15; $50; $100; $40; $53; $22; $22. Ra In this article, we have discussed the data types and their differences. air. When a sampling bias happens, there can be incorrect conclusions drawn about the population that is being studied. Sometimes percentages add up to be more than 100% (or less than 100%). One student has a red backpack, two students have black backpacks, one student has a green backpack, and one student has a gray backpack. All you can do right now is to just take a deep breath and believe in yourself! 26. When properly selected, larger samples model the population more closely than smaller samples. Discrete data: When numerical data has values that are countable and specific to a particular category, it is called discrete data. ), Ranking of people in a competition (First, Second, Third, etc. a chemical reaction comma repeated several times Choose the correct O C. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. All data that are the result of measuring are quantitative continuous data assuming that we can measure accurately. State whether the data described below are discrete or? The bar graph is used to graphically represent discrete data. One gym has 12 machines, one gym has 15 machines, one gym has ten machines, one gym has 22 machines, and the other gym has 20 machines. As a class, determine whether or not the following samples are representative. . Use the column numbers: one through six. A random number generator is used to select a student from the alphabetical listing of all undergraduate students in the Fall semester. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. For example, it does not make sense to find an average hair color or blood type. However, if two or more of you are taking the same data and get very different results, it is time for you and the others to reevaluate your data-taking methods and your accuracy. For these samples, each member of the population did not have an equally likely chance of being chosen. Record the number of ones, twos, threes, fours, fives, and sixes you get in the following table (frequency is the number of times a particular face of the die occurs): Did the two experiments have the same results? feet, 160 sq. Each random number may only contribute one class member. b. In other words, each sample of the same size has an equal chance of being selected. Confounding: When the effects of multiple factors on a response cannot be separated. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. Non-response or refusal of subject to participate: The collected responses may no longer be representative of the population. The station uses convenience sampling and surveys the first 200 people they meet at one of the stations music concert events. A histogram is used to display quantitative data: the numbers of credit hours completed. Surveys mailed to households and then returned may be very biased (they may favor a certain group). This pie chart shows the students in each year, which is qualitative data. Larger samples are better, if possible. This is important to know when we think about what the data are telling us. Different types of data are used in research, analysis, statistical analysis, data visualization, and data science. Work collaboratively to determine the correct data type (quantitative or qualitative). Discrete is data that can take only certain values. To determine the proportion of people taking public transportation to work, survey 20 people in New York City. What type of data is this? Continuous Data Examples: Measurement of height and weight of a student, Daily temperature measurement of a place, Wind speed measured daily, etc. In one study, eight 16 ounce cans were measured and produced the following amount (in ounces) of beverage: 15.8; 16.1; 15.2; 14.8; 15.8; 15.9; 16.0; 15.5. For some students, it might feel difficult as it involves logical thinking and mathematics but its a great option for those who love solving and putting their minds all into logic. The safest route is to avoid the closest pair of islands. We may prefer not to think of 10,00,100 and 10,00,102 as crucially different values, but instead as nearby points on an approximate continuum. Notice that the frequencies do not add up to the total number of students. Most statisticians use various methods of random sampling in an attempt to achieve this goal. Statistics involves organizing, analyzing, interpreting, and representing data. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your college population, the four departments make up the cluster sample. In reality, a sample will never be exactly representative of the population so there will always be some sampling error. Press ENTER. The students spend the following amounts: $180; $50; $150; $85; $260; $75; $180; $200; $200; $150. However, in the real world age is often treated as a discrete variable because it makes more sense when collecting data and when reporting the results of a study. Our choice also depends on what we are using the data for. A random number generator is used to pick two of those years. A medical researcher interviews every third cancer patient from a list of cancer patients at a local hospital. Most data can be put into the following categories: Qualitative data are the result of categorizing or describing attributes of a population. A sample that is not representative of the population is biased. O C. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. Press ENTER 2 more times (even the repeats). Its really normal for you to feel anxious before your exam especially when the subject is statistics. Opinion poll posted online at: www.youpolls.com/details.aspx?id=12328 (accessed May 1, 2013). Determine whether the given value is from a discrete or continuous data set. Biased samples that are not representative of the population give results that are inaccurate and not valid. A sample of 100 undergraduate San Jose State students is taken by organizing the students names by classification (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior), and then selecting 25 students from each. Examples: crash testing cars or medical testing for rare conditions, Undue influence: collecting data or asking questions in a way that influences the response. Learn data analytics or software development & get guaranteed* placement opportunities. It is classified into two broad categories: qualitative data and quantitative data. OB. A completely random method is used to select 75 students. You should ask the doubt there and then clear it, analyze it and work on it. The weights (in tons) of the trees in a forestANSWERA.) Legal. A. The number of classes a student missed. Doreen's sample will be different from Jung's sample. amount of money (in dollars) won playing poker, IQ scores (This may cause some discussion.). When you analyze data, it is important to be aware of sampling errors and nonsampling errors. Solution: - Data : The capacities of different hotels. There are two types of data: Qualitative and Quantitative data, which are further classified into: Now business runs on data, and most companies use data for their insights to create and launch campaigns, design strategies, launch products and services or try out different things. The type of data that has clear spaces between values is discrete data. The data are continuous because the data can only take on specific values. Even if Doreen and Jung used the same sampling method, in all likelihood their samples would be different. If you're asked whether age is a continuous or discrete variable in an Introductory Statistics class, the correct answer is technically continuous. The data are continuous because the data can only take on specific values. B. Instructions: Use the Random Number Generator to pick samples. There are several different methods of random sampling. Making a schedule/timetable or studying together with your peers may help you in focusing and keep you active. Whether you are a data scientist, marketer, businessman, data analyst, researcher, or you are in any other profession, you need to play or experiment with raw or structured data. Quantitative data can be expressed in numerical values, making it countable and including statistical data analysis. It answers the questions like how much, how many, and how often. For example, the price of a phone, the computers ram, the height or weight of a person, etc., falls under quantitative data. Tables are a good way of organizing and displaying data. Ordinal data have natural ordering where a number is present in some kind of order by their position on the scale. Data that can only take on certain values are discrete data. These data are represented mainly by a bar graph, number line, or frequency table. Then choose every fiftieth name thereafter until you have a total of 400 names (you might have to go back to the beginning of your phone list). We have grown leaps and bounds to be the best Online Tuition Website in India with immensely talented Vedantu Master Teachers, from the most reputed institutions. Press ENTER two more times for the other 2 random numbers. Dynamic models of epidemiology in discrete time taking into account The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific . Solved State whether the data described below are discrete - Chegg The quiz scores (20 of them) in these 2 columns are the cluster sample. Continuous data. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values.
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