. Hayne quotes from Thomas Jefferson to William Branch Giles, December 26, 1825, https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/letter-to-william-branch-giles/?_sft_document_author=thomas-jefferson. He speaks as if he were in Congress before 1789. By means of missionaries and political tracts, the scheme was in a great measure successful. Competing Conceptions of Union and Ordered Liberty in Webster argued that the American people had created the Union to promote the good of the whole. But until they shall alter it, it must stand as their will, and is equally binding on the general government and on the states. Inflamed and mortified at this repulse, Hayne soon returned to the assault, primed with a two-day speech, which at great length vaunted the patriotism of South Carolina and bitterly attacked New England, dwelling particularly upon her conduct during the late war. After his term as a senator, he served as the Governor of South Carolina. 1830's APUSH Flashcards | Quizlet Robert Young Hayne spent more than two decades in elected offices, including mayor of Charleston, member of South Carolina's legislature, attorney general, and then governor of the state. Finding our lot cast among a people, whom God had manifestly committed to our care, we did not sit down to speculate on abstract questions of theoretical liberty. We had no other general government. . . I deem far otherwise of the Union of the states; and so did the Framers of the Constitution themselves. Sir, we narrow-minded people of New England do not reason thus. Liberty has been to them the greatest of calamities, the heaviest of curses. Certainly, sir, I am, and ever have been of that opinion. Post-Civil War, as the nation rebuilt and reconciled the balance between federal and state government, federal law became the supreme law of the land, just as Webster desired. In the course of my former remarks, I took occasion to deprecate, as one of the greatest of evils, the consolidation of this government. I hold it to be a popular government, erected by the people; those who administer it responsible to the people; and itself capable of being amended and modified, just as the people may choose it should be. There yet remains to be performed, Mr. President, by far the most grave and important duty, which I feel to be devolved on me, by this occasion. The dominant historical opinion of the famous debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Young Hayne of South Carolina which took place in the United States Senate in 1830 has long been that Webster defeated Hayne both as an orator and a statesman. Most are forgettable, to put it charitably. To them, this was a scheme to give the federal government more control over the cost of land by creating a scarcity. No hanging over the abyss of disunion, no weighing of the chances, no doubting as to what the Constitution was worth, no placing of liberty before Union, but "liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable." Who doesn't? We, sir, who oppose the Carolina doctrine, do not deny that the people may, if they choose, throw off any government, when it becomes oppressive and intolerable, and erect a better in its stead. . Rachel Venter is a recent graduate of Metropolitan State University of Denver. Union, of itself, is considered by the disciples of this school as hardly a good. . Why? Webster rose the next day in his seat to make his reply. The Webster-Hayne Debate between New Hampshire Senator Daniel Webster and South Carolina Senator Robert Young Hayne highlighted the sectional nature of the controversy. Webster scoffed at the idea of consolidation, labeling it "that perpetual cry, both of terror and delusion." What Hayne and his supporters actually meant to do, Webster claimed, was to resist those means that might strengthen the bonds of common interest. Speech of Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, January 27, 1830. . . The idea that a state could nullify a federal law, associated with South Carolina, especially after the publication of John C. Calhouns South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828) in response to the tariff passed in that year. He was dressed with scrupulous care, in a blue coat with metal buttons, a buff vest rounding over his full abdomen, and his neck encircled with a white cravat. It is not the creature of state Legislatures; nay, more, if the whole truth must be told, the people brought it into existence, established it, and have hitherto supported it, for the very purpose, amongst others, of imposing certain salutary restraints on state sovereignties. I now proceed to show that it is perfectly safe, and will practically have no effect but to keep the federal government within the limits of the Constitution, and prevent those unwarrantable assumptions of power, which cannot fail to impair the rights of the states, and finally destroy the Union itself. The War With Mexico: Speech in the United States H What Are the Colored People Doing for Themselves? Lincoln-Douglas Debates History & Significance | What Was the Lincoln-Douglas Debate? At the time of the debate, Webster was serving his term as Senator of Massachusetts. to expose them to the temptations inseparable from the direction and control of a fund which might be enlarged or diminished almost at pleasure, without imposing burthens upon the people? In a time when the country was undergoing some drastic changes, this debate managed to encapsulate the essence of the growing tensions dividing the nation. Webster-Hayne Debate | Encyclopedia.com The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches presented to the United States Senate by senators Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina. Sir, the opinion which the honorable gentleman maintains, is a notion, founded in a total misapprehension, in my judgment, of the origin of this government, and of the foundation on which it stands. U.S. Senate: The Most Famous Senate Speech Understand the 1830 debate's significance through an overview of issues of the Constitution, the Union, and state sovereignty. This is the sum of what I understand from him, to be the South Carolina doctrine; and the doctrine which he maintains. . The answer is Daniel Webster, one of the greatest orators in US Senate history, a successful attorney and Senator from Massachusetts and a complex and enigmatic man. I will yield to no gentleman here in sincere attachment to the Union,but it is a Union founded on the Constitution, and not such a Union as that gentleman would give us, that is dear to my heart. . As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Mr. Webster arose, and, in conclusion, said: A few words, Mr. President, on this constitutional argument, which the honorable gentleman has labored to reconstruct. They have agreed, that certain specific powers shall be exercised by the federal government; but the moment that government steps beyond the limits of its charter, the right of the states to interpose for arresting the progress of the evil, and for maintaining within their respective limits the authorities, rights, and liberties, appertaining to them,[7] is as full and complete as it was before the Constitution was formed. I did not utter a single word, which any ingenuity could torture into an attack on the slavery of the South. . The gentleman, therefore, only follows out his own principles; he does no more than arrive at the natural conclusions of his own doctrines; he only announces the true results of that creed, which he has adopted himself, and would persuade others to adopt, when he thus declares that South Carolina has no interest in a public work in Ohio. Van Buren responded to the Panic of 1837 with the idea of the independent treasury, which was a. a system of depositing money in select independent banks Webster spoke in favor of the proposed pause of federal surveyance of western land, representing the North's interest in selling the western land, which had already been surveyed. Would it be safe to confide such a treasure to the keeping of our national rulers? And now, Mr. President, let me run the honorable gentlemans doctrine a little into its practical application. The Commercial Greatness of the United States, Special Message to Congress (Tyler Doctrine), Estranged Labour and The Communist Manifesto, State of the Union Address Part II (1848). Webster's speech aroused the latent spirit of patriotism. Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality: The American Anti-Slavery Society, Declaration of Sent Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, Protest in Illinois Legislature on Slavery. In contrasting the state of Ohio with Kentucky, for the purpose of pointing out the superiority of the former, and of attributing that superiority to the existence of slavery, in the one state, and its absence in the other, I thought I could discern the very spirit of the Missouri question[1] intruded into this debate, for objects best known to the gentleman himself. Be this as it may, Hayne was a ready and copious orator, a highly-educated lawyer, a man of varied accomplishments, shining as a writer, speaker, and counselor, equally qualified to draw up a bill or to advocate it, quick to memories, well fortified by wealth and marriage connections, dignified, never vulgar nor unmindful of the feelings of those with whom he mingled, Hayne moved in an atmosphere where lofty and chivalrous honor was the ruling sentiment. I understand him to maintain, that the ultimate power of judging of the constitutional extent of its own authority, is not lodged exclusively in the general government, or any branch of it; but that, on the contrary, the states may lawfully decide for themselves, and each state for itself, whether, in a given case, the act of the general government transcends its power. Can any man believe, sir, that, if twenty-three millions per annum was now levied by direct taxation, or by an apportionment of the same among the states, instead of being raised by an indirect tax, of the severe effect of which few are aware, that the waste and extravagance, the unauthorized imposition of duties, and appropriations of money for unconstitutional objects, would have been tolerated for a single year? He entered the Senate on that memorable day with a slow and stately step and took his seat as though unconscious of the loud buzz of expectant interest with which the crowded auditory greeted his appearance. Besides that, however, the federal government was still figuring out its role in American society. The Webster-Hayne Debate: An Inquiry into the Nature of Union by Stefan Prejudice Not Natural: The American Colonization "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? Daniel webster (ma) and sen. Hayne of . The United States' democratic process was evolving and its leaders were putting the newly ratified Constitution into practice. He describes fully that old state of things then existing. Their own power over their own instrument remains. Crittenden Compromise Plan & Reception | What was the Crittenden Compromise? The debate can be seen as a precursor to the debate that became . At the foundation of the constitution of these new Northwestern states, . . The great debate, which culminated in Hayne's encounter with Webster, came about in a somewhat casual way. The Significance of the Frontier in American Histo South Carolinas Ordinance of Nullification. If slavery, as it now exists in this country, be an evil, we of the present day found it ready made to our hands. I have but one word more to add. Sir, all our difficulties on this subject have arisen from interference from abroad, which has disturbed, and may again disturb, our domestic tranquility, just so far as to bring down punishment upon the heads of the unfortunate victims of a fanatical and mistaken humanity. ", What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?. Sir, an immense national treasury would be a fund for corruption. . But it was the honor of a caste; and the struggling bread-winners of society, the great commonalty, he little studied or understood. Mr. Hayne having rejoined to Mr. Webster, especially on the constitutional question. . . Speech on Assuming Office of the President. Webster pursued his objective through a rhetorical strategy that ignored Benton, the principal opponent of New England sectionalism, and that provoked Hayne into an exposition and defense of what became the South Carolina doctrine of nullification. Sir, as to the doctrine that the federal government is the exclusive judge of the extent as well as the limitations of its powers, it seems to be utterly subversive of the sovereignty and independence of the states. . Strange was it, however, that in heaping reproaches upon the Hartford Convention he did not mark how nearly its leaders had mapped out the same line of opposition to the national Government that his State now proposed to take, both relying upon the arguments of the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions of 179899. Webster's Reply to Hayne - National Park Service . We see its consequences at this moment, and we shall never cease to see them, perhaps, while the Ohio shall flow. And, therefore, I cannot but feel regret at the expression of such opinions as the gentleman has avowed; because I think their obvious tendency is to weaken the bond of our connection. Shedding weak tears over sufferings which had existence only in their own sickly imaginations, these friends of humanity set themselves systematically to work to seduce the slaves of the South from their masters. Web hardcover $30.00 paperback $17.00 kindle nook book ibook. Hayne and the South saw it as basically a treaty between sovereign states. foote wanted to stop surveying lands until they could sell the ones already looked at . . . It is only regarded as a possible means of good; or on the other hand, as a possible means of evil. . It was about protectionist tariffs.The speeches between Webster and Hayne themselves were not planned. But, sir, the task has been forced upon me, and I proceed right onward to the performance of my duty; be the consequences what they may, the responsibility is with those who have imposed upon me this necessity. . When they shall become dissatisfied with this distribution, they can alter it. 1. emigration the movement of people from one place to another 2. immigration a situation in which resources are being used up at a faster rate than they can be replenished 3. migration the leaving of one's homeland to settle in a new place 4. overpopulation the movement of people to a new country 5. sustainable development a situation in which the birth rate is not sufficient to replace the . . . The action, the drama, the suspensewho needs the movies? . Sir, if we are, then vain will be our attempt to maintain the Constitution under which we sit. Speech of Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, January 26 and 27, 1830. . That's what was happening out West. . The gentleman takes alarm at the sound. They significantly declare, that it is time to calculate the value of the Union; and their aim seems to be to enumerate, and to magnify all the evils, real and imaginary, which the government under the Union produces. But his standpoint was purely local and sectional. . This leads us to inquire into the origin of this government, and the source of its power. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Let us look at his probablemodus operandi. There was an end to all apprehension. If these opinions be thought doubtful, they are, nevertheless, I trust, neither extraordinary nor disrespectful. God grant that, in my day, at least, that curtain may not rise. Do they mean, or can they mean, anything more than that the Union of the states will be strengthened, by whatever continues or furnishes inducements to the people of the states to hold together? Then, in January of 1830, a senator from Connecticut introduced a proposal to the Senate stating that the federal government should stop surveying the lands west of the Mississippi River. Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado. This feeling, always carefully kept alive, and maintained at too intense a heat to admit discrimination or reflection, is a lever of great power in our political machine. Hayne argued that the sovereign and independent states had created the Union to promote their particular interests. . . Nullification Crisis | American Battlefield Trust . It was motivated by a dispute over the continued sale of western lands, an important source of revenue for the federal government. . Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. The debate was important because it laid out the arguments in favor of nationalism in the face of growing sectionalism. The debate, which took place between January 19th and January 27th, 1830, encapsulated the major issues facing the newly founded United States in the 1820s and 1830s; the balance of power between the federal and state governments, the development of the democratic process, and the growing tension between Northern and Southern states. Assuredly not. Winners and Losers History's Famous Debates - Medium MTEL Speech: Public Discourse & Debate in the U.S. Address to the Slaves of the United States. The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions Add Song of the Spinners from the Lowell Offering. Webster-Hayne Debates, 1830 - Bill of Rights Institute Allow me to say, as a preliminary remark, that I call this the South Carolina doctrine, only because the gentleman himself has so denominated it. . . Webster's articulation of the concept of the Union went on to shape American attitudes about the federal government. South Carolina nullification was now coming in sight, and a celebrated debate that belongs to the first session exposed its claims and its fallacies to the country. . This leads, sir, to the real and wide difference, in political opinion, between the honorable gentleman and myself. . Even Benton, whose connection with the debate made him at first belittle these grand utterances, soon felt the danger and repudiated the company of the nullifiers. I feel like its a lifeline. . The real significance of this debate was in each man's interpretation of the United States Constitution. . The faction of voters in the North were against slavery and feared it spreading into new territory. Compare And Contrast The Tension Between North And South Congress could only recommendtheir acts were not of binding force, till the states had adopted and sanctioned them. This debate exposed the critically different understandings of the nature of the American. . Benton was rising in renown as the advocate not only of Western settlers but of a new theory that the public lands should be given away instead of sold to them. A four-speech debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina, in January 1830. All regulated governments, all free governments, have been broken up by similar disinterested and well-disposed interference! When the honorable member rose, in his first speech, I paid him the respect of attentive listening; and when he sat down, though surprised, and I must say even astonished, at some of his opinions, nothing was farther from my intention than to commence any personal warfare: and through the whole of the few remarks I made in answer, I avoided, studiously and carefully, everything which I thought possible to be construed into disrespect. The Northwest Ordinance. It was a speech delivered before a crowded auditory, and loud were the Southern exultations that he was more than a match for Webster. . Sir, I deprecate and deplore this tone of thinking and acting. The purpose of the Constitution was to permit cooperation between states under a shared political standard, but that meant that any growth in a federal government threatened the sovereignty of the states. Sir, I am one of those who believe that the very life of our system is the independence of the states, and that there is no evil more to be deprecated than the consolidation of this government. Sir, when gentlemen speak of the effects of a common fund, belonging to all the states, as having a tendency to consolidation, what do they mean? If the government of the United States be the agent of the state governments, then they may control it, provided they can agree in the manner of controlling it; if it be the agent of the people, then the people alone can control it, restrain it, modify, or reform it. Jackson himself would raise a national toast for 'the Union' later that year. Robert Young Hayne, (born Nov. 10, 1791, Colleton District, S.C., U.S.died Sept. 24, 1839, Asheville, N.C.), American lawyer, political leader, and spokesman for the South, best-remembered for his debate with Daniel Webster (1830), in which he set forth a doctrine of nullification. . What followed, the Webster Hayne debate, was one of the most famous exchanges in Senate history. Where in these debates do we see a possible argument in defense of Constitutional secession by the states, later claimed by the Southern Confederacy before, during, and after the Civil War? APUSH CH 9 Flashcards | Quizlet Well, you're not alone. They attack nobody, and menace nobody. Now, I wish to be informedhowthis state interference is to be put in practice, without violence, bloodshed, and rebellion. [Its leader] would have a knot before him, which he could not untie. By the time it ended nine days later, the focus had shifted to the vastly more cosmic concerns of slavery and the nature of the federal Union. Webster replied to his speech the next day and left not a shred of the charge, baseless as it was. His speech was indeed a powerful one of its eloquence and personality. The honorable gentleman from Massachusetts [Senator Daniel Webster] has gone out of his way to pass a high eulogium on the state of Ohio. The Constitutional Convention: The Great Compromise, The Webster-Hayne Debate of 1830: Summary & Issues, The History of American Presidential Debates, Jonathan Edwards and the Great Awakening: Sermons & Biography, Who Was Susan B. Anthony? The 1830 WebsterHayne debate centered around the South Carolina nullification crisis of the late 1820s, but historians have largely ignored the sectional interests underpinning Webster's argument on behalf of Unionism and a transcendent nationalism.
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